What Kind of Libertarian Are You

According to the Libertarian Partys website, As Libertarians, we seek a world of liberty; a world in which all individuals are sovereign over their own lives and no one is forced to sacrifice his or her values for the benefit of others. This sounds simple, but there are many types of libertarianism. If you consider yourself a libertarian, which one best defines your philosophy? Anarcho-Capitalism Anarcho-capitalists believe governments monopolize services that would be better left to corporations, and should be abolished entirely in favor of a system where corporations provide services we associate with the government. The popular sci-fi novel Jennifer Government describes a system very close to anarcho-capitalist. Civil Libertarianism Civil libertarians believe the government should not pass laws that restrict, oppress, or selectively fail to protect people in their day-to-day lives. Their position can best be summed up by Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes statement that a mans right to swing his fist ends where my nose begins. In the United States, the American Civil Liberties Union represents the interests of civil libertarians. Civil libertarians may or may not also be fiscal libertarians. Classical Liberalism Classical liberals agree with the words of the Declaration of Independence: that all people have basic human rights, and that the sole legitimate function of government is to protect those rights. Most of the Founding Fathers  and most of the European philosophers who influenced them  were classical liberals. Fiscal Libertarianism Fiscal libertarians (also referred to as laissez-faire capitalists) believe in free trade, low (or nonexistent) taxes, and minimal (or nonexistent) corporate regulation. Most traditional Republicans are moderate fiscal libertarians. Geolibertarianism Geolibertarians (also called one-taxers) are fiscal libertarians who believe that land can never be owned, but may be rented. They generally propose the abolition of all income and sales taxes in favor of a single land rental tax, with the revenue used to support collective interests (such as military defense) as determined through a democratic process. Libertarian Socialism Libertarian socialists agree with anarcho-capitalists that government is a monopoly and should be abolished, but they believe that nations should be ruled instead by work-share cooperatives or labor unions instead of corporations. The philosopher Noam Chomsky is the best known American libertarian socialist. Minarchism Like anarcho-capitalists and libertarian socialists, minarchists believe that most functions currently served by the government should be served by smaller, non-government groups. At the same time, however, they believe that a government is still needed to serve a few collective needs, such as military defense. Neolibertarianism Neolibertarians are fiscal libertarians who support a strong military and believe that the U.S. government should use that military to overthrow dangerous and oppressive regimes. It is their emphasis on military intervention that distinguishes them from paleolibertarians (see below), and gives them a  reason to make common cause with neoconservatives. Objectivism The Objectivist movement was founded by the Russian-American novelist Ayn Rand (1905-1982), author of Atlas Shrugged and The Fountainhead, who incorporated fiscal libertarianism into a broader philosophy emphasizing rugged individualism and what she called the virtue of selfishness. Paleolibertarianism Paleolibertarians differ from neo-libertarians (see above) in that they are isolationists who do not believe that the United States should become entangled in international affairs. They also tend to be suspicious of international coalitions such as the United Nations, liberal immigration policies, and other potential threats to cultural stability.

Preparing An Exercise Plan For People Who Have Just...

Sally is doing a great thing by coming up with an exercise program for people who have just suffered cardiac arrest. Designing exercise plans is one of the hardest things to do in my opinion because you can make the perfect exercise and treatment plan for someone but if that person doesn’t want to do it, or is not very motivated to get better, then that whole exercise plan you just came up with is useless. This is a common theme among people who are trying to recover from an injury; they either try to return to things they were doing before the injury too soon, or they just do not want to recover at all, they have no motivation to get better. Some common reasons for people to stop an exercise plan is that they feel like they are getting better so they can stop and not have to worry about doing the exercise anymore, they have other health issues that prevent them from exercising, if they have lack of motivation or energy, or if they lack social support. One of the most common reasons given for not exercising is that exercise is an inconvenience to them, they would much rather spend their time doing other things, or they simply â€Å"don’t have time for it.† Looking at a person’s personality and their mindset can really help someone understand why people think this way, and help people come up with ways to change people’s thinking so they will start exercising, and hopefully stick with it long term. Before starting an exercise program with someone, it is important to getShow MoreRelatedCase Study Essay33967 Words   |  136 Pagescardiomyopathy, volume overload, quality of life X Scenario M.G., a â€Å"frequent flier,† is admitted to the emergency department (ED) with a diagnosis of heart failure (HF). She was discharged from the hospital 10 days ago and comes in today stating, â€Å"I just had to come to the hospital today because I cant catch my breath and my legs are as big as tree trunks.† After further questioning, you learn she is strictly following the fluid and salt restriction ordered during her last hospital admission. SheRead MoreHesi Practice31088 Words   |  125 PagesPractice Examination For HESI exit Part One You will have two hours and 30 minutes to complete Part One. 1. Which of the following describes a preterm neonate? A. A neonate weighing less than 2,500 g (5 lb, 8 oz). B. A low-birth-weight neonate. C. A neonate born at less than 37 weeks gestation regardless of weight. D. A neonate diagnosed with intrauterine growth retardation. 2. A client with type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus has just learned she s pregnant. The nurse is teaching her aboutRead MoreCorrectional Administration Reviewer18383 Words   |  74 Pages it means suffering undergone, because of the action of society, to one who commits a crime. The very purpose or reason why society has to punish a criminal is to secure justice. The state has to protect its existence, assess what is right for the people based on moral principles, which vindicated. The giving of punishment, which is exercised by society, is the fulfillment of service and satisfaction of a duty to the people it protects. ï  ½ PENALTY- it is the suffering that is inflicted by the stateRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 PagesMacintosh are registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. Used herein under license. Library of Congress Control Number: 2006933904 Student Edition: ISBN-13: 978-0-495-11873-2 ISBN-10: 0-495-11873-7 ââ€"   To my nephews, Jesse and Luke Smidt, who bet I wouldn’t put their names in this book. R. P. ââ€"   To my wife, Sally, and my daughter, Anna C. O. ââ€"   To Carol, Allie, and Teri. J. D. ââ€"   About the Authors puter Teacher of the Year award in 1988 and received the Siemens Award forRead MoreNebosh Diploma Note Unit C22654 Words   |  91 Pages   NEBOSH INTERNATIONAL DIPLOMA - UNIT ‘C’ â€Å"INTERNATIONAL WORKPLACE WORK EQUIPMENT SAFETY†Ã‚   COURSE EXERCISES ASSIGNMENTS 2009 - 2010    ETA Consultancy ® 2009 © Wasyl Terych MA DMS DipOSH DipFSH CFIOSH FIES(Scot) Chartered Safety Health Practitioner Page 2 of 89 Table of Contents IC 01 GENERAL WORKPLACE ISSUES ........................................................................................... 7   Structural Damage – Following a Storm ................................

Measures Public Library Networked Services -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Measures Public Library Networked Services? Answer: Introducation This assignment focuses on the clutches and brakes as well as electric motors and control. Mechatronics design gives the skills and knowledge to the student and also it provides exposure to the designs process of the mechatronic system.it also gives the appreciation of the mechatronics component system like actuators, sensors, the principle fundamental operation of the components, their weaknesses and strength and their characteristics in terms of operation. This leads to the process of design of integrated interactive, system divided into a subsystem, component sizing and selection, and the inclusion of some considerations to the justified design that is qualified. The subject also gives the wider knowledge on the background of mechatronics, exposing the student to the current challenges of the art state(Devdas Shetty, 2013). The following questions were answered according to the performance of the AC motor curve below. The curve represents an AC motor(Janschek, 2011). The table below illustrates AC motor speed at the power of 60Hz Poles number Speed of the full load in (rpm) Synchronous speed in (rpm) 2 3450 3600 4 1725 1800 6 1140 1200 8 850 900 10 690 720 12 575 600 The synchronized speed of the six pole motor type if the frequency is at 60Hz is calculated below: From the table above, for the 6 pole motor at a speed of 60HZ, the full load speed is, N that is 1140 in the column where the pole number 6 is. The velocity or the speed if the frequency is 60Hz is given by ? = (2N/60) N is the full load speed of 6 poles = 1140 Frequency = 60Hz = 22/7 Hence the speed will be = (6*22/7*1140)/60 = 358.29rad/sec The torque that a six pole motor type can exert ta a start load when it is rated as 559.3 + 0.PW is calculated below: P = last two digits of the student id number: 559.3 + 0.05 = 559.35W Torque is given by power/angular velocity/speed Power is 559.35W and angular velocity is 358.29rad/sec T= P/? Torque= 595.35W/358.29rads/sec Torque =1.56N.m Hence the torque that a six motor type can exert to start a load when it is rated as 559.35 and power velocity or speed of 358.39 is 1.56N/M. Therefore the motor produces a torque of 1.56N.m Amount of the torque that a motor can develop to start a load is calculated as below: To start a load, it is known that starting torque is 150% of the full load torque TS= 150 percent of the full load torque = 150/100*1.56 = 2.34N.m Therefore the torque that is developed by the motor to start the load is 2.34N.m The breakdown torque for the motor is calculated below: The breakdown torque is 350% of the full load torque Tb=350%*torque of the full load 350/100*1.56 5.46Nm The computation of the dimensions of the annular plate types that give the braking torque of 33.9N.m, spring provides a normal force of 1423.4 + 0.Q between the frictions surface, the friction coefficient of 0.25 and the stopping load of the 750rpm are done below(Kevin C. Craig, 2015) Where Q is the student identification: 1423.4 + 0.05 = 1423.45N The required mean radius of the annular plates types brakes is calculated by: R m=Tf/fN where the coefficient friction is f and friction of the torque on the brake is Tf and N is the normal force. Substitute 33.9N.m in for the Tf, 0.25 for f and 1423.45N for N Rm=33.9/ (0.25*1423.45) 0.09526m which equals to 0.1 when rounded off. Hence the annular plate type brake requires the mean radius (Rm), is 0.1m Let inner and outer radius of the annular plate type brake be R1 and R0 Take the (Ro/Ri) of the desired ratio of approximately 1.50 (Ro/Ri)= 1.50 Ro= 1.50Ri The mean radius which is Rm can be expressed in terms of the inner radius and outer radius of the annular plate type brake Rm= (Ro+Ri)/2 1.05Ri can be substituted for Ro Rm= (1.50Ri+Ri)/2 2.50Ri/2 1.25Ri 0.09526is substituted for the Rm in the equation so that the inner radius of annular plate type brake can be calculated 0.1m=1.25Ri, both sides are divided by 1.25 so that we can get Ri Ri=0.09526m/1.25 =0.07621m Hence the radius of the inner annular plate type brake is 0.07621m 0.07621m is substituted for Ri in the equation so that the outer radius of the annular plate type brake (Ro) is calculated as: Ro=1.50*0.07621 0.1143 Hence the radius of the outer annular plate type brake is 0.1143m The area of the friction surface (A) is calculated by: A= {(Ro2)-(Ri2)}, 0.1143 is substituted for Ro and 0.07621 is substituted for Ri A= {(0.11432)-(0.076212)} A=22/7(0.0132-0.005808) A=22/7*0.007392 A=0.0228m2, hence the frictions surface area is 0.0228m2 The frictional power absorbed can be calculated as follows: P=Tf n/63000, the speed in rpm is represented by n. 750rpm is substituted for n and 33.9N.m is substituted for Tf. P= (33.9N.m) (750rpm)/63000 P=0.4036hp, hence the absorbed frictional power is 0.4036hp. The wear ratio is calculated by (WR) WR=Pf/A, 0.4036 is substituted for Pf and 0.0228m2 is substituted for A. WR= 0.4036hp/0.0228m2 17.69hp/m2, hence the wear ratio (WR) is acceptable because its values is too low. A band brake is designed that exert the braking torque of 81.36 + 0.PN.m while the drum is slowed from 120rpm. Where P is the student identification which is 505 81.36 + 0.05 = 81.41Nm From the coefficient of friction table, friction materials like the design and woven asbestos are selected for 25psi maximum pressure (Pmax) approximately, the value of coefficient friction (f) is considered as 0.25. The trials of the values for the radius (r) of the brake drum are used as 6.0, in.2.5 width (w) and (?) as 210degrees. The maximum band tension is calculated by: Pi =pmaxrw, for the maximum pressure, 25psi is substituted in, 6 in. for radius and 2.5in. For width Pi= (25psi) (6in) (2.4in) =375lb The minimum bad tension can be calculated by (P2) P2=Pi/ef?, 375 is substituted for Pi, 0.25 for f and 210 degrees for ? P2=375lb/ e (0.25) (210) =357lb/e (0.25) (210*rad/180) =375lb/e (0.25) (3.66rad) =150lb The friction torque can be calculated by: Tf= (Pi-P2) r, 375lb is substituted in Pi, 150lb for P2 and 6in. for radius Tf= (375-150) (6) =225*6 =1350lb.in. The friction torque value is 1350lb.in. Is very high so some of the adjustments can be made in radius to be 5.5in, width 2.0in and ? 210degrees. Maximum band tension is calculated as (Pi) Pi=Pmaxrw, 25psi is substituted for the maximum pressure, 5.5 in. for the radius and 2in for the width. Pi= (25psi) (2in) (5.5in) =275lb The minimum band tension is calculated by (P2) P2=Pi/ef?, 275lb is substituted in Pi, 0.25 for f and 210 degrees for the ? P2=275lb/e (0.25) (210) =275lb/e (0.25) (210*rad/180) =275lb/e (0.25) (3.66rad) =110lb The friction torque can be calculated by (Tf) Tf= (Pi-P2) r, 275lb is substituted in Pi, 5.5 in radius and 110lb for the P2 Tf= (275lb-110lb) (5.5in) =908lb.in. The friction torque value of 908lb.in is satisfactory. The actuation force (W) is calculated by W=P2a/L L is the lever length and a is the distance, the value of the distance is considered as 5.5in and the lever length is 12.0 in.110lb is substitute for P2, 12.0 in for L and 5.5 in for a W= (110lb)5.5in./12in. =50.4lb, hence the (W), actuation force is 50.4lb. The friction power absorbed (P) is calculated as P=Tfn/63000, and the speed in rpm is n. 120rpm is substituted in n and 908lb in. is substituted in Tf P= (908lb.in.) (120rpn)/63000 =108960/63000 =1.7295hp, hence the absorbed friction power is 1.7295hp. The area projected of the brake shoe (A) is calculated by A=2rw?/360. 5.5in. is substituted in radius. 2in. for width and 210 degrees for? A=2 (5.5in.) (2in) 210/360 =40.3in2, hence the area of the brake projected is 40.3in2. The wear ratio is calculated by, WR=Pf/A1.7295hp is substituted In Pf and 40,3in2 is substituted in A WR=1.7295hp/40.3in2 =0.04292hp/in2 Hence the wear ratio is 0.04292, service average is reasonable and also the band brake geometry is acceptable. Conclusion The paper covers the mechatronic systems and its examples like clutches and brakes and electric motor control. Clutches were developed by Thomson and the clutch brakes are used in many applications like medicine, robots, automation, material handling, office machine, and manufacturing industries. This assignment focuses on the clutches and brakes as well as electric motors and control. Mechatronics design gives the skills and knowledge to the student and also it provides exposure to the designs process of the mechatronic system. It also gives the appreciation of the mechatronics component system like actuators, sensors, the principle fundamental operation of the components, their weaknesses and strength and their characteristics in terms of operation. This leads to the process of design of integrated interactive, system divided into a subsystem, component sizing and selection, and the inclusion of some considerations to the justified design that is qualified. The subject also gives the wider knowledge on the background of mechatronics, exposing a student to the current challenges of the art state. References Aagesen, F. A., 2014. Networked Services and Applications. Paris: Springer. Bender, M., 2015. Network Infrastructure Configuration. Michigan: Cengage Learning. Bertot, J. C., 2015. Planning and Evaluating Library Networked Services and Resources. Michigan: Libraries Unlimited,. Bertot, J. C., 2015. Statistics and Performance Measures for Public Library Networked Services. New York: American Library Association. Dempsey, L., 2012. The Network Reshapes the Library: Lorcan Dempsey on Libraries, Services and Networks. Toledo: American Library Association. Foust, M., 2013. Network Infrastructure Planning and Maintenance Study Guide. New Yolk: John Wiley Sons. Iniewski, K., 2014. Network Infrastructure and Architecture. Toledo: John Wiley Sons. LANWrights, 2012. MCSE Windows Server 2003 Network Infrastructure. Colorado: Que Publishing. Noonan, W. J., 2016. Hardening Network Infrastructure. Michigan: McGraw Hill Professional. Price, B., 2016. Directory and Network Infrastructure Design Study Guide. New York: John Wiley Sons. Roussos, G., 2011. Networked RFID: Systems, Software and Services. Colorado: Springer Science Business Media. Wong, A., 2015. Network Infrastructure Security. Michigan: Springer Science Business Media.

Behind Closed Doors Essay Example For Students

Behind Closed Doors Essay What if you had a chance to see someone that passes away once again? Would you take it? Perhaps a gateway to heaven. Emelia is a seven-year-old little girl who has lost the most important person in her life, her mother. She now lives with her grandmother, Jill. Emelia and Jill did everything together. Since Emelia doesnt have a mother for herself, she counts grandma Jill as her mother. Emalias mother passed away while in labor during a C-section. Her father, whom grandmother Jill never liked, had never met Emelia. In fact, he doesnt even know that she exists until this day. Because her father was an alcoholic who repeatedly abused Emelias mother, Emelia was never exposed to him and was never told about him. Grandmother Jill kept things this way because she didnt want Emelia getting in any type of trouble because of him. Grandma Jill and seven-year-old Emelia were best friends, they did everything together. After Emelias mother passed away, grandmother Jill took Emelia in and raised her by herself. She knew everything about her mother. Grandma Jill has shown and told Emelia everything about her mother. She would tell her stories all the time about her mother as well as show Emelia pictures of her mother. Emelia always wished that she would have her mother by her side and just to do everything with her mother. She loves grandmother Jill very much but having a mother as a mother is different than having your grandmother as your mother. Emelia knew that she was like every other girl except the only thing that was different was the fact that she doesnt have any parents. Little did Emelia know that she was wrong about being just like every other girl. She was about to discover something that would change her entire world in ways she never thought would be possible. Early one morning, as Emelia is walking to school, she notices that her shoes are untied. As she bends down to tie them, she is transformed into a place called HEAVEN  . Emelia soon realizes that this isnt the same heaven that grandma Jill told her about. Instead, it is the heaven that only she is able to see and no one else. As shes walking through this new dark and twisted world, she spots a single rose. A white rose. In her world, a white rose usually means purity and innocence. In this new dark world called HEAVEN, white roses symbolize evil and the dreadful. Things werent going good, at least not as Emelia would think the way heaven is supposed to go. This new world she was now distorted into was scaring her and she just wanted out. She tried reaching back for her shoelaces and she came to see that her shoelaces were gone. The one thing that she knew would take her back to her life with grandmother Jill was gone. She starts to panic and starts to cry, she then sees this girl figure coming towards her while moving her mouth but no noises are coming out of her mouth. This girl is holding out a photograph of a baby and Emelia automatically started thinking that baby was her. But then she realized that the baby in the photograph was wearing blue and had chubby cheeks. She was very confused and so she turned around to think and as she was turning back to ask the girl questions, the girl was gone and Emelia was all alone once again. She started thinking maybe she has a little brother. She knew that grandmother Jill wasnt hiding anything from her and wouldve told her that she had a brother. .u05d0f1bf1376fd0e6a2f856649e1c930 , .u05d0f1bf1376fd0e6a2f856649e1c930 .postImageUrl , .u05d0f1bf1376fd0e6a2f856649e1c930 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u05d0f1bf1376fd0e6a2f856649e1c930 , .u05d0f1bf1376fd0e6a2f856649e1c930:hover , .u05d0f1bf1376fd0e6a2f856649e1c930:visited , .u05d0f1bf1376fd0e6a2f856649e1c930:active { border:0!important; } .u05d0f1bf1376fd0e6a2f856649e1c930 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u05d0f1bf1376fd0e6a2f856649e1c930 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u05d0f1bf1376fd0e6a2f856649e1c930:active , .u05d0f1bf1376fd0e6a2f856649e1c930:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u05d0f1bf1376fd0e6a2f856649e1c930 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u05d0f1bf1376fd0e6a2f856649e1c930 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u05d0f1bf1376fd0e6a2f856649e1c930 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u05d0f1bf1376fd0e6a2f856649e1c930 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u05d0f1bf1376fd0e6a2f856649e1c930:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u05d0f1bf1376fd0e6a2f856649e1c930 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u05d0f1bf1376fd0e6a2f856649e1c930 .u05d0f1bf1376fd0e6a2f856649e1c930-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u05d0f1bf1376fd0e6a2f856649e1c930:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: photochemical smog EssayAs she is sitting in a dark large room, she starts hearing doors opening and closing and the noise just keeps getting louder and louder as she gets closer and closer to the noise surrounding her. As she got closer, she saw three closed doors with no signs and nothing else around her. So she thought the only way to find out what the point in the doors are is to open them one by one and find out for herself what is going on. One door she opened had the same photo of the baby boy that girl showed her earlier. The second door she opened was a doorway back to life with grandma Jill. And lastly, the third door she opened, had a lot of horses just running around. She new that in order to get out of HEAVEN she needed to pick a door. She didnt and wasnt ready to go back home just yet. She couldnt help but think of the first door and who that baby in the photograph was. She knew that she missed grandma Jill a whole lot and wanted to get back to her, but she wasnt interested in leaving just yet. She had a lot of figuring out to do and she didnt want to go back home without any unanswered questions because she would just be curious her whole entire life. As she starts to reach out to grab a door and all of a sudden she sees her shoelaces hanging from the doorknob. She sees that as a sign and tries opening door one. As soon as she leans forward with her hand out to open the door, she wakes up as if she was dreaming and is back on her way to school just like before she went into heaven. She immediately thinks of grandma Jill so she turns back and starts running back home. Once she got to grandma Jills house to tell grandma all about her crazy dream, she sees a bunch of police officers at her house and a house full of white roses along with that baby boys photograph. She immediately ran to grandmas room to come to see that grandma Jill isnt there. She passes by a mirror and starts to scream and cry. As the police officers ran to her in grandma Jills room, Emelia was on the bed crying. She realized that such a long period of time had passed and grandmother Jill passed away, she was gone. Emelia went from being a seven-year-old little girl to a grown teenager. She was now fourteen years old and felt lost and all alone. She never found out the meaning of the photograph or the horses behind those doors. She didnt speak about her ËÅ"dream with anyone. She kept on living her life. She thought if she told anyone abut this story something ad was going to happen. Emelia blamed herself for the death of her grandma and she never forgave herself for not coming home sooner. Emelia no longer wore shoes that required shoelaces and every time she saw a white rose she started to cry. The fourteen-year-old little girl who had her whole life ahead of her, never felt more lonely and scared of white roses and shoelaces. She went on with her life as much as could. One day on her way to her foster home, she saw the same girl from HEAVEN and she followed her to a garden of white roses. As Emelia tries to hold back her fear, there are tears running down her face but she knows the only way to get answers is to follow that girl wherever she goes and thats what Emelia does. Turns out, that girl is Emelias cousin and the little boy in the photograph is Emelias twin brother that passed away from their mothers umbilical cord being wrapped around her when he was born.

Should Worldcom Ceo Bernard Ebbers Been Sentenced to 25 Years in Prison free essay sample

The WorldCom fraud that came to light in 2002 was an example of many things that went wrong within the organization. Unethical conduct by its senior leadership beginning with Chief Executive Officer (CEO) Bernard Ebbers was certainly at the forefront of these problems. The question is should a CEO like Ebbers have been sentenced to prison for his liability in the WorldCom scandal? My answer is yes, he should’ve gone to prison as well as other CEOs who engage in unethical conduct that results in laws being violated. I will support my answer by aking a look at the duties of a CEO, focusing on leadership responsibilities and accountability. I will discuss causes of ethical problems in CEOs and finish by discussing utilitarian and deontological ethical issues as they pertained to Ebbers. Background As the telecommunications industry slowed in the late 1990s, WorldCom’s stock price began to decrease. Ebbers came under pressure from financial institutions to cover margin calls on WorldCom stock he used to finance other businesses (Vasatka, 2007). We will write a custom essay sample on Should Worldcom Ceo Bernard Ebbers Been Sentenced to 25 Years in Prison? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page From 1999 to 2002, a few WorldCom senior executives engaged in fraudulent accounting practices. These practices were esigned to portray losses as growth to the public. Ebbers resigned as CEO under pressure for several reasons unrelated to the accounting fraud on April 29, 2002 (Beresford, Katzenbach Rogers, 2003). Cynthia Cooper led an internal audit investigation of suspected accounting irregularities in May-June 2002. According to Ms. Cooper’s statement, she discussed the investigation with WorldCom Chief Financial Officer (CFO) Scott Sullivan on June 12, 2002. She then discussed her investigation with two others on June 13, 2002. They were Max E. Bobbitt, Chairman of the Audit Committee, WorldCom Board of Directors and Mr.Farrell Malone, engagement partner of KMPG, LLP, an external audit agency. The Board of Directors met on June 25, 2002 and decided to publish a revised financial statement for 2001 and first quarter 2002. They also decided to report this action to the U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the events leading up to it (WorldCom, 2002). The SEC launched its own investigation into the matter (Vasatka, 2007) and brought civil action against a number of WorldCom executives in June 2002 (SEC, 2002). WorldCom filed for bankruptcy protection on July 21, 2002. The U. S. Justice Department rought criminal charges against Ebbers and several other WorldCom executives. For his role in the scandal, Ebbers was convicted in Federal court on March 15, 2005 and then on July 13, 2005 sentenced to 25 years in prison. The CEO as a Leader To examine the issues in this case from a normative ethics viewpoint, I believe that we should see what a CEO does in performing the leadership functions of their job as they relate to ethical issues. A good description of the CEO’s leadership role can be found in The Duties of a Chief Executive Officer (Wibowo Kleiner, 2005). The authors cite information in CEO Causes of Ethical Problems in CEOs The position of CEO is one that has a great deal of power. There is a quote from British historian Lord Acton (1834-1902): â€Å"Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely. Great men are almost always bad men† (Lewis, n. d. ). In the article No Fair Shake for Shareholders, the author discusses the CEO personality as possibly contributing to the ethical problems that arise with some CEOs. Traits such as a strong ego, left unchecked can turn into bad behavior. CEOs normally are good salesmen and they often sell themselves on how good they are which inflates their egos. A weak board of directors can fail to hold a CEO accountable. He stresses board responsibilities relative to CEO accountability (Wilson, 1989). In the article The Responsibility of the CEO Providing Ethical and Moral Leadership, Lewis says that there is a difference between what is legal and what is ethical. He stresses the need for a culture of ethics within an organization where all team players practice good ethics, including the CEO. He says laws only deal with part of the ethical issues faced by businesses. He cites heavy competition and pressure many employees feel to engage in unethical behavior as some of the keys to the problem. Good corporate governance, beginning with the CEO, is very important to building a good ethical culture within the organization (Lewis, 2002). Discussion of Ethical Issues Pertaining to Ebbers Ebbers had a responsibility to the employees of the company, investors, and the public to report WorldCom’s finances accurately and honestly. He was accountable to the board of directors for his actions as CEO – both good and bad. Ebbers should’ve had loyalty to these people to help them avoid the monetary losses resulting from WorldCom’s shaky financial situation. This is an example of a utilitarian ethics issue. Due to his position, he should’ve had the greater good of all these people in mind as he ran WorldCom. However, Ebbers allowed unethical practices to continue with his knowledge, with the consequence that many people lost money when WorldCom went bankrupt. Ebbers had an obligation to provide honest financial statements in order to not to violate the rights of others. He failed in this obligation, violating the rights of many people in the process. This is an example of deontological ethics. Continuing on this track, investors also have a right to know the truth about companies that they are investing in or may invest in. They also have an obligation to learn as much about the companies they are investing in or planning to invest in. Due to the fraud committed by senior executives and allowed by Ebbers, WorldCom’s public financial statements made it difficult for investors to know the truth about its financial health. Even with the fraudulent statements, some investors were able to learn of some of the irregularities in WorldCom. Shareholders filed a lawsuit against WorldCom in June 2001 alleging widespread fraudulent accounting practices. The case was subsequently thrown out by a judge in Mississippi (Weinberg, 2002). In this example of deontological ethics shareholders acted to protect their rights. Also by learning the truth about WorldCom they fulfilled their obligation to gain as much knowledge about the company as they could. In addition to Ebbers’ failings, there are others that should be mentioned in this discussion of ethics. First, WorldCom documents and testimony of employees revealed that some employees discovered problems as far back as 2000, tried to do something to correct them, and failed (Waggoner, 2002). The question is how hard did these people try to correct what they saw that was wrong? From a utilitarian ethics perspective, they had to know many people could get hurt if this continued. Secondly, regarding the shareholder lawsuit previously mentioned why didn’t the board of directors or the SEC act when these allegations were made? The board failed to hold Ebbers accountable for the accounting fraud that was being uncovered nearly two years from the time it went public in 2000. From a deontological ethics viewpoint, they had an obligation to look into these allegations so that the rights of others wouldn’t be violated. Conclusion Ebbers’ conviction and prison sentence were justified. From a utilitarian ethics perspective, he was responsible and accountable to serve the greater good of others and failed in that capacity. From a deontological viewpoint, he also had an obligation to ensure the rights of others associated with WorldCom wouldn’t be violated and he failed to meet this obligation as well. Contributing factors to the WorldCom fiasco were poor corporate governance and a corporate culture where some employees were aware of problems but failed to get corrective action taken.

Les Miserables essays

Les Miserables essays Many beliefs exist about redemption and the pursuit of such a divine principle. In Victor Hugos Les Miserables, JeanValjean seeks redemption and deliverance from his past sins by acting as a savior of underprivileged citizens in Paris. However, one must also explore the character of Javert, for these men ultimately pursue redemption. Both men obey the duties of their conscience, and both must make sacrifices, yet one man receives deliverance from his sins, and the latter, Javert, is overcome by them. These two men differ only in their interpretation of duty, demonstrating that merely abiding by ones conscience cannot always equal redemption. While seemingly good, Javerts actions spur from motives of none but Javert, and as such, render the foundation for greater injustices. The scruple of Javerts actions early became duty alone, and late into Javerts life duty remains his only dictator. Javerts ideal was not to be humane, not to be great, it was to be reproachable, and perform a duty to society that involves ridding the Parisian world of scum, or what he denounces as such (1324). The fact of the matter remains that with every hour and every action encompassed in this mans life, duty never exists as his primary concern, it exists as his only concern. Furthermore, when confronting the first and only dilemma of his conscience, Javert questions, Is there anything in the world besides tribunals, sentences, police, and authority? (1321). Such extreme moral conformity to the dictates of ones chosen conscience shields the beholder from all truths but ones own, and in the case of Javert, this singular conformity becomes the g reatest source of the purest selfishness known to man. Javert dutifully follows his conscience, which has impurities of great consequence, therefore all actions of Javerts doing have great consequence. This cause-effect reaction ma...

Concept Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Concept - Research Paper Example Running head: Signature Assignment Concept Paper Submitted to Northcentral University Graduate Faculty of the School of Business and Technology Management in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION By Felix J. ... Introduction Dynamism in management that has led to environmental features such as globalization, flattened hierarchy, increased regulatory scrutiny, and fragmented enterprises identifies the importance of Virtual management tools in any business organization. An insight into virtual management tools and their significance therefore facilitates an understanding of the current and future state of project management. Team players can for example use several collaboration tools to overcome decentralization challenges and to support team collaboration and sharing of ideas towards ensuring successful project implementation. The use of virtual management tools, in addition to creating a contemporary type of project management, identifies potential challenges that may arise during project implementation especially in an oil-producing environment. Applied tools in an oil-producing environment should for instance aid development of exceptional leadership qualities, highly performing team play ers, clarity of methodology and knowledge at the point of exploit. A good example is the installation and use of real time sensors that offers a proactive approach to asset management in an oil producing company. Literature Review Virtual management tools play important roles in coordinating virtual teams towards a cohesive environment. This is because virtual management tools initiates attachment among team members that can either between the members themselves or between a member and the organization. The association among team members is however identified to be more significant in developing cohesion among virtual team members (Ren, et al, 2012). The significance of such a developed level of cohesion among virtual team